Mixed Systems

Systems Guide

Mixed Systems

Some electoral systems involve a combination of different ways to obtain a seat in parliament. This usually involves some members being elected in single member constituencies and other members being elected from lists. Often the list element is used to make up for the disproportional outcomes in single member constituency elections. Their advocates claim that they are the ‘best of both worlds’ in having constituencies and proportionality, but the fact that they involve different categories of MP can be a serious drawback.

Types of mixed system

Mixed Member Proportional (MMP), often known as Additional Member System (AMS) as used for the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and in Germany.

Alternative Vote Plus (AV+) as recommended by the Jenkins Commission in 1998.

Total Representation (TR), a system first discussed as an electoral reform in Israel but which may have wider application

Latest News

Getting Reduce and Equalise Right

Published: Sunday, September 5th 2010

The Electoral Reform Society has called on government and opposition to ensure that controversial legislation to create equal-sized constituencies delivers on its promises. The Society has urged both government and opposition to “act responsibly” and engage with the legislation to ensure that both boundary changes and the proposals for a referendum on the Alternative Vote survive. More...


Electoral Reform Society announces new Chief Executive

Published: Thursday, August 26th 2010

Katie Ghose has been appointed the new Chief Executive of the Electoral Reform Society. Katie Ghose has been director of the British Institute of Human Rights for 5 years. An experienced campaigner and barrister, she has previously held positions at Age Concern England (now Age UK) and Citizens Advice. More...


AV in practice: ERS response to Australian Election

Published: Sunday, August 22nd 2010

The Electoral Reform Society has released its initial findings on the latest Australian Federal Election. Australia’s House of Representatives is elected by the Alternative Vote (AV) system, which will be offered to the British public in a referendum next May. More...